Hyperthyroidism: An Obscure Disorder

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overproductive in creating thyroid hormones, which results in a metabolism imbalance. Located in the neck, the thyroid gland produces a variety of hormones that control the way that the human body uses energy. The thyroid is part of the extremely complex endocrine system, and can have a nominal to severe impact on other organs in the same system.

Hyperthyroidism, also called thyrotoxicosis, occurs when the thyroid releases large amounts of hormones in a brief amount of time, often for several months or years. This condition can be precipitated by a number of pre-existing conditions, such as Graves’ Disease, tumors, growths, the ingestion of copious amounts of thyroid hormone, or ingestion of iodine. Of all of the causes, Graves’ Disease accounts for more than 80% of all hyperthyroidism cases.

The following symptoms are common in people who suffer from hyperthyroidism:

– Sudden or dramatic weight loss
– Increase in appetite
– Fatigue
– Nervousness
– Menstrual irregularities (women only)
– Severe perspiration
– Frequent or discolored stool
– Restlessness
– Paranoia

Less common symptoms include a racing pulse, nausea, clammy skin, hair loss, difficulty sleeping, lack of menstruation and frequent blushing or flushing of skin.

Laboratory tests will show a decrease in Serum TSH and an elevation in T3 and T4 when a patient suffers from hyperthyroidism. A physical examination might show that the thyroid has become enlarged, which is called Goiter, and that the patient is experiencing high blood pressure, pulse, temperature and breathing. All of these tests and observations can be made in your primary healthcare provider’s office, though future tests in a hospital or imaging center might be required.

The treatment of hyperthyroidism varies depending on the severity of the condition and the symptoms related to the disorder. In extreme cases, the thyroid will be removed and the patient will remain on hormone therapy for the rest of his or her life. Less severe cases can be treated with antithyroid medications or with radioactive iodine, which destroys the thyroid and eliminates the production of thyroid hormones.

Hyperthyroidism is highly treatable, though patients who also suffer from Graves’ Disease might also experience secondary symptoms that can affect the quality of life.

People who suffer from hyperthyroidism are at a mild risk for cardiac complications, which can include an increased heart rate, congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In some cases, the condition can worsen suddenly and without warning – often called a “crisis” or “storm” – and usually induced by stress. This can cause a high fever, abdominal pain and sudden losses of consciousness. Hyperthyroidism also increases the risk for osteoporosis.

There are also complications that can arise from hormone therapy. If your thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, they you might be at risk of an under-active thyroid. This will be indicated by fatigue, high cholesterol, weight gain, depression and lack of energy. If you notice any of these symptoms, see your doctor about altering your medication dosage.

Always call your primary care physician if you have symptoms that might be related to hyperthyroidism. If you experience a rapid or irregular heartbeat, dizziness or loss of consciousness, have someone take you to the emergency room or call 911 for help.